Benign Osseous Metaplasia of the Breast: A Rare Breast Lesion—Case Report With Clinicopathologic Features and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benign osseous metaplasia of the breast is an extremely rare breast lesion. This is a report of a 79-year-old woman who presented with a right breast lesion. The lesion was found incidentally on computed tomography (CT) scan examination of the chest. Subsequent mammogram showed coarse calcification within a round circular area measuring approximately 12 mm in size. Ultrasound examination showed an ill-defined 9 × 9 × 9 mm hypoechoic lesion with calcification and internal vascularity. Histologic examination of the excised lesion showed features of benign osseous metaplasia. There was no evidence of atypia and malignancy. The subsequent immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. The immunohistochemical staining for epithelial markers-pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), Cam 5.2, HMWCK (34Be12), and CK5-was negative in the stromal component, which ruled out a metaplastic carcinoma. Osseous metaplasia occurs in association with a wide variety of benign and malignant breast lesions. However, primary benign osseous metaplasia in the absence of breast disease is an extremely rare entity. The case presented here is a reminder that osseous metaplasia can occur in the breast in isolation. The case also emphasizes the value of thorough histopathological examination in making the diagnosis, as clinical and imaging studies cannot differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions as well as benign and malignant neoplasms with certainty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".