Similarity-Based Clustering for Identification and Segmentation of Responsive Electricity Customers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The identification and segmentation of responsive electricity customers have been formulated here as a binary time series clustering (TSC) problem. The assumption of a stationary environment in kernel methods can complicate the mapping of non-stationary time series data to a high-dimensional feature space, leading to a degradation in the performance of kernel K-means clustering. Hence, a similarity-based non-linear TSC is proposed to capture consumers’ reactions to demand response (DR) signals. K-means with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is employed as a nonlinear TSC approach, and to extend it beyond standard sample-to-centroid comparisons, a similarity matrix is suggested in place of raw time series, enabling sample-to-sample comparisons. It is based on distance and correlation matrices ensembling one-to-many and two-to-two comparisons to map original data to the similarity space. By analyzing consumption data from the Low Carbon London project, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in identifying responsive consumers with different responsive levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".