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Record W4411472323 · doi:10.1109/mnano.2025.3570560

Field Emission X-Ray Devices

2025· article· en· W4411472323 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Nanotechnology Magazine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle Detector Development and Performance
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsField electron emissionMaterials scienceField (mathematics)X-rayOptoelectronicsEngineering physicsPhysicsOpticsElectronNuclear physics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Field emission X-ray devices present numerous benefits compared to conventional X-ray sources, such as operating at lower temperatures, delivering enhanced spatial resolution, and consuming less power. These advantages are primarily due to the employment of field emission cathodes, which facilitate efficient electron emission at lower energy unlike thermionic sources. Owing to their superior electron emission properties, robust mechanical strength, and remarkable thermal stability, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a highly promising material for field emission cathodes. This review paper discusses the fundamental principles of X-ray generation, focusing on field emission-based structures. It highlights the superiority of CNTs in terms of stability, emission uniformity, and longevity, compared to conventional thermionic cathodes. The paper also explores advancements in CNT field emission arrays, detailing their integration into X-ray tubes, innovations in device design, and their applications in high-resolution imaging systems and medical diagnostics. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges of scaling CNT emitters for commercial applications and their potential role in the next generation of X-ray technologies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.361
Threshold uncertainty score0.435

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.245 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it