Using relative gas diffusivity to highlight soil compaction issues with possible effects on N efficiency in grain corn production, southern Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It has long been suggested that soil compaction indices should be monitored as part of a routine soil management program. Moreover, in addition to properties related to storage of gases and fluid within a bulk volume (i.e., bulk density [BD] and air porosity [ θ a ]), some authors have suggested that properties linked to fluid and gas exchanges such as gas diffusion and hydraulic conductivity should be used to assess the physical health of soils. Given the risk of severe compaction due to the increasing size of farm equipment and the lack of long rotation in cash crop production, data on soil storage and exchange properties need to be collected. The objective of this study was to assess the physical soil health of the top 30 cm of 18 southern Quebec corn fields using a set of indicators. The data were also used to determine crop response to nitrogen fertilization. The results showed that over 93% of the corn fields had a relative gas diffusivity ( D s / D o ) below the 0.03 threshold at both 15‐ and 30‐cm depth, suggesting substantial crop growth limitations. They also showed that around 40% of the soils had subsurface drainage problems linked to a low saturated hydraulic conductivity (49% at 15 cm and 47% at 30 cm lower than 0.001 cm s −1 ). The levels of relative gas diffusivity were low, not only limiting crop growth but also likely reducing nitrogen efficiency through increasing risk of denitrification. Moreover, the results suggest that in some fields, high yields can be achieved with as little as 60 and up to 215 kg of nitrogen per hectare, and that slow‐draining soils will have a very poor response to N fertilization, leading to lower net revenues and nitrogen losses. Overall, the findings suggest that appropriate soil conservation and water management practices based on soil physical health criteria like relative gas diffusivity and hydraulic conductivity must be implemented to maintain or improve soil productivity and health in the face of climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".