Phase Equilibria of the Tetrabutylammonium Lactate (TBAL) Semiclathrate in the Presence of the Trehalose Disaccharide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium lactate (TBAL) semiclathrate is known to have a maximum dissociation temperature near 12 °C and multiple polymorph formation. In this work, the phase equilibria and polymorph formation of the TBAL semiclathrate in the presence of a disaccharide, trehalose, are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. A 3:1 mass ratio of TBAL:trehalose was shown to form 3 polymorphs, labeled A, B, and C, that formed sometimes stochastically between water concentrations but showed a general trend similar to the TBAL and water system, where polymorph A/B formed with lower dissociation temperatures and polymorph C having the highest dissociation temperature. The maximum dissociation temperature was depressed to 10.3 °C with approximately 11.5% (w/w) trehalose compared to 11.9 °C in a TBAL and water system only. A glass transition event may have occurred at −28 °C for the mass ratio of 3:1 TBAL:trehalose independent of water concentration at a cooling rate of 1 °C min –1 and a warming rate of 0.5 °C min –1 . When the cooling and warming rates were increased to 10 and 15 °C min –1, respectively, a possible glass transition occurred at around −17 °C. However, large exotherms, indicative of semiclathrate recrystallization, were observed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".