Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Complications in Ulcerative Colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with significant morbidity. This study aimed to characterize clinical patterns, treatment responses, and risk factors for complications in UC patients. Methods: Data from 450 UC patients (aged ≥18 years) treated at a tertiary center (2021–2023) were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics, disease severity (Montreal classification), treatment modalities (5-ASA, immunosuppressants, biologics), and complications (colonic stricture, toxic megacolon, colorectal cancer) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for severe complications. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 32 years (IQR:25–40), with 52% male patients. Pancolitis (Montreal E3) was present in 38% (171/450), and 22% (99/450) had prior corticosteroid failure. Biologic therapy (adalimumab, infliximab) was initiated in 35% (158/450), achieving clinical remission in 68% at 12 months. Severe complications occurred in 12% (54/450), including strictures (6.7%) and toxic megacolon (3.3%). Multivariate analysis identified pancolitis (OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.62–5.16, p<0.001), corticosteroid failure (OR=2.17, 95%CI:1.28–3.68, p=0.004), and delayed diagnosis (>6 months) (OR=1.92, 95%CI:1.15–3.18, p=0.013) as independent risk factors for complications.Conclusion: Pancolitis, corticosteroid failure, and delayed diagnosis increase the risk of severe complications in UC. Early initiation of biologic therapy in high-risk patients may improve outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".