Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices to Periodontal Health of the Northeast Chinese Public: Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis affects approximately 50% of adults in China and is a leading cause of tooth loss in this population. However, there is a notable paucity of research on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to periodontitis among patients in Northeast China. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the KAP regarding periodontitis among populations in Northeast China, focusing on five demographic factors: gender, age, income, education level, and region. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenience sampling over a period of one week. A structured questionnaire was used to collect detailed responses on periodontitis-related KAP. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages) were employed. Normality was assessed by Shapiro-Wilk tests. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine demographic influences and interactions on periodontal knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) scores. Statistical significance was defined at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 619 questionnaires were distributed, resulting in 562 valid responses comprising 242 males (43.06%) and 320 females (56.94%), with a mean participant age of 41.27 years (95% CI: 37.4-45.1). The overall awareness of periodontal disease was relatively low in Northeast China, with the mean KAP scores being 3.88/8, 5.28/7, and 5.19/11. Age and educational level were both significantly associated with individuals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding periodontitis (p < 0.05), whereas gender showed a significant association with knowledge only (p < 0.05). Regional and income-related differences were generally significant, with only a variable showing marginal effects (p ＝ 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that both knowledge and attitude scores tended to increase with age. The increase in knowledge was most pronounced in the 41-50 age group (coefficient = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.83-2.33, p < 0.01). Attitude scores exhibited a more consistent upward trend across all age groups. In contrast, practice scores declined with age. In terms of interactions, young females exhibited significantly higher awareness than males, whereas no significant gender differences were observed among older populations. Additionally, higher education levels and economic status were strongly associated with improved awareness. Notably, the presence of gingival bleeding significantly enhanced public awareness of periodontitis, especially knowledge score (coefficient = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.69-1.44, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the KAP regarding periodontitis among populations in Northeast China. The findings offer valuable insights for the formulation of targeted policies and underscore the importance of improving periodontal KAP in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".