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Record W4411566506 · doi:10.2147/nss.s518518

Poor Sleep Quality and Mood Disorders: Risk Factors of Increasing Chronic Pain in Patients with Insomnia

2025· article· en· W4411566506 on OpenAlex
Liu Liu, Xianchao Zhao, Xinyan Zhang, Jiafeng Ren, Si Zeng, Yuee Dai, Wensheng Zhang, Junying Zhou

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueNature and Science of Sleep · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicSleep and related disorders
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsMedicineInsomniaMoodSleep qualityChronic painMood disordersSleep (system call)Chronic insomniaPsychiatryPhysical therapySleep disorderAnxiety

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of chronic pain and its risk factors in patients with insomnia. Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients with chronic insomnia from Sleep Medicine Center in West China Hospital between May 2019 and February 2021. All patients were divided into two groups according to comorbid chronic pain or not. We used subjective questionnaires to assess sleep, daytime sleepiness, mood symptoms, and the characteristics and intensity of pain. Objective sleep quality was measured by polysomnography. The logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of chronic pain. Results: Among 358 patients with chronic insomnia, 48.9% had chronic pain. These patients had significantly higher scores in Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) (all PS < 0.001) compared to those without chronic pain. After controlling for the confounding factors, higher HAMA scores adjusted odds ratio = 1.083, 95% CI 1.033– 1.135, P = 0.001), higher HAMD scores (adjusted odds ratio = 1.109, 95% CI 1.058– 1.163, P < 0.001) and shorter N3 sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio = 0.969, 95% CI 0.940– 0.999, P = 0.041) were significantly associated with an increased risk of chronic pain. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that higher scores in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (β = 0.108, 95% CI 0.026– 0.191, P = 0.010), HAMA (β = 0.085, 95% CI 0.043– 0.127, P < 0.001) and HAMD (β = 0.141, 95% CI 0.093– 0.188, P < 0.001) were positively related to pain intensity. Conclusion: Nearly half of patients with insomnia are comorbid with chronic pain. Poor subjective and objective sleep quality, as well as the anxious and depressive symptoms, are risk factors of chronic pain. Plain Language Summary: This study aimed to understand how common chronic pain is among people with insomnia and what factors might increase the risk of chronic pain in these patients. Insomnia is a sleep disorder where people have trouble falling or staying asleep, and it often occurs alongside other health issues like chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. The researchers studied 358 patients with chronic insomnia from the Sleep Medicine Center at West China Hospital between May 2019 and February 2021. They divided the patients into two groups: those with chronic pain and those without. They used questionnaires to assess sleep quality, mood (anxiety and depression), and pain levels. They also used a special test called polysomnography (PSG) to measure objective sleep quality, which tracks brain activity during sleep. This study found that nearly half (48.9%) of the patients with insomnia also had chronic pain. Patients with chronic pain had higher levels of anxiety and depression, as well as more severe pain. Poor sleep quality, especially shorter deep sleep (known as N3 sleep), was linked to a higher risk of chronic pain. Besides, anxiety and depression were also strongly associated with increased pain intensity. The study suggests that poor sleep quality, especially reduced deep sleep, along with anxiety and depression, may increase the risk of chronic pain in people with insomnia. This means that treating sleep problems and mood disorders could be important for managing chronic pain in these patients. This research show the key point that chronic pain is a major health issue that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. By understanding the link between insomnia, mood disorders, and chronic pain, doctors can develop better treatment plans that address both sleep and mental health, potentially improving outcomes for patients. Keywords: insomnia, chronic pain, mood disorders, sleep quality

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.048
Threshold uncertainty score0.397

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.273
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it