Small modifier, big decision: switching to <scp>SUMO</scp> mode adds weight to cancer stemness in mammary tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is crucial for maintaining the hallmarks of cancer stem cells, including self-renewal and active pluripotency gene networks. While inhibiting key steps of the SUMOylation cascade has been shown to suppress tumorigenesis, the specific mechanisms of SUMO dependency in cancer have not been comprehensively characterized. Li et al. applied genetically engineered models of mammary gland tumorigenesis to demonstrate that SUMOylation of the transcription factor Etv1 is essential for maintaining cancer stem cell functions. Moreover, SUMO conjugation of Etv1 acts as a switch between stem and nonstem cancer cell states. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings regarding the role of SUMOylation-dependent mechanisms in the hierarchical organization of malignant cells and intratumor heterogeneity and highlight potential therapeutic approaches harnessing the SUMOylation cascade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".