Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This article examines the role of coalition building and ideological fractures within the American Whig movement during the Revolutionary era through the lens of Richard Stockton's life and experiences. As a prominent New Jersey lawyer and politician, Stockton's journey from moderate Whig to signer of the Declaration of Independence to parole-taker illustrates the complex and shifting nature of political allegiances during this tumultuous period. The essay argues that while a shared Whig ideology helped unite diverse factions against British policies in the 1760s-70s, the pressures of war exposed underlying tensions and differing interpretations of what it meant to be a committed Patriot. Stockton's temporary ostracization after accepting a British pardon in 1776 reveals how radical Whigs sought to police the boundaries of acceptable patriotic behavior. However, his gradual reintegration into Patriot circles demonstrates the limits of such exclusion and the eventual reconstruction of a broader Whig coalition. By tracing these dynamics of unity, fracture, and reconciliation, this study provides new insights into the ideological complexities of the American Revolution and the malleable nature of political identity in times of crisis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".