The Greek Diaspora and Greek Emigration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract At the turn of the twenty-first century, the four biggest and wealthiest Greek diaspora communities were those in Australia, Canada, Germany, and the United States. The oldest and largest is the one in the United States that began forming in increasing numbers from the late nineteenth century and continued to grow through the 1970s. Greek mass emigration to Australia, Canada, and Germany is a post-World War II phenomenon, triggered by the devastation wrought by the war especially in northern Greece and the Aegean islands, which experienced the greatest outmigration, with the numbers falling, as was the case with the United States in the mid-1970s. Within those four diaspora communities there was and still is considerable diversity along gender roles, place of origin, social class, and political orientation; and there were differences in the way they were received, with the United States adopting a more pronounced assimilationist policy, Australia and Canada recognizing ethnic difference to a greater extent, and Germany inviting the Greeks initially only as guest workers. Yet these communities shared common characteristics; they formed a range of secular and religious organizations and maintained close ties to the Greek homeland, while at the same time their members adapted to their host societies and worked hard to achieve upward social mobility with many success stories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".