The Effect of 12-Week e-Cigarette Use on Smoking Abstinence at 1 Year
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The current evidence regarding the long-term efficacy of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for smoking cessation is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nicotine and non-nicotine e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in the general population. METHODS: We randomized 376 adults who smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day and were motivated to quit at 17 Canadian sites to 12 weeks of nicotine (15 mg/mL) e-cigarettes (n = 128), non-nicotine e-cigarettes (n = 127), or no e-cigarettes (n = 121). All groups received individual counseling. The primary endpoint was point prevalence abstinence (7-day recall, biochemically validated using expired carbon monoxide) at 12 weeks. The 52-week follow-up results are reported here. RESULTS: Participants (mean age 52 ± 13 years; 47% female) smoked a mean of 21 ± 11 cigarettes/day at baseline. Compared to individual counseling alone, participants randomized to nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling had higher rates of point prevalence (23.6% vs 9.9%; difference: 13.7%; 95% CI: 4.6%-22.8%) and continuous abstinence (3.1% vs 0.0%; difference: 3.1%; 95% CI: 0.1%-6.2%) and greater reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked (-9.5 ± 10.5 vs -5.6 ± 9.5; difference: -3.9; 95% CI: -6.5 to -1.4) at 52 weeks. Benefits were also observed among participants randomized to non-nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling vs counseling alone. No differences in abstinence or reduction were found between nicotine and non-nicotine e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to individual counseling alone, short-term use of standardized nicotine and non-nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling is efficacious at increasing smoking abstinence at 52 weeks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".