Incidence of epithelial ingrowth following femtosecond laser LASIK flap lifts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of epithelial ingrowth (EI) following femtosecond LASIK (f-LASIK) flap relift. METHODS: This retrospective case series enrolled patients who underwent post-refractive enhancement surgery at a single independent outpatient health facility in Canada. Patients 18 years or older who underwent refractive enhancement surgery between July 2021 and December 2022 were eligible. We excluded patients with a history of cataract or refractive lens exchange surgery. Follow-ups were conducted at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The primary outcome was the incidence of EI following f-LASIK flap relifts. Secondary outcomes included other complications and visual outcomes 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Among the 103 included eyes, EI was reported in 41% of patients at some point in the follow-up period, with most EI present at one month and not requiring treatment. EI was three times less likely to develop if the enhancement was performed within one year of the original surgery (OR 0.31, P=0.023), and was 5-6 times more likely to develop if it was performed after three years (OR=0.17, P<0.001). Successful treatment of EI by flap lift with sutures (n=2) and Nd:YAG laser (n=2) was performed in 4 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small number (n=4) of EI post-flap lifts required treatment, and the procedure generally provided excellent long-term visual outcomes. Thus, f-LASIK flap lift is a safe option for refractive enhancement, even several years following the original surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".