Synergistic Cathode‐Electrolyte Engineering for Enhanced Longevity in Li‐S Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Due to the notorious shuttle effect and the uneven deposition of lithium ions under high current conditions, lithium‐sulfur batteries with ultra‐high sulfur loading struggle to achieve stable long‐cycle performance. Herein, a novel MBene‐based composite material is prepared using the ultrasonic freeze etching method as a cathode host. The shuttle effect is effectively inhibited, thanks to its unique structure and abundant active sites. Moreover, a small amount of Na 2 SeO 3 is introduced into the electrolyte to further enhance the long‐cycle performance. Due to the “reverse tip effect,” where sodium ions preferentially deposit over lithium ions, the growth of lithium dendrites is effectively suppressed. Remarkably, the cell with the novel cathode and electrolyte design exhibits an initial capacity of 778.2 mAh g −1 and sustains stability for up to 850 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 93.6% and a sulfur loading of 10.62 mg cm −2 . The synergistic strategy of optimizing both cathode and electrolyte systems effectively mitigates the shuttle effect and suppresses lithium dendrite growth, offering an innovative approach to designing ultra‐high‐sulfur‐loading lithium‐sulfur batteries with extended lifespans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".