Correction: Prescribing Cascades with Recommendations to Prevent or Reverse Them: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the sentence beginning ‘Explicit recommendations regarding alternative options…’ in the Abstract section of this article, the term ‘for three prescribing cascades’ should have read ‘for five prescribing cascades.’ The complete sentence should read: ‘Explicit recommendations regarding alternative options were given for five prescribing cascades.’ In the sentence beginning ‘For 22 prescribing cascades, …’ the text ‘but only for three it was mentioned to which medication (Table 2)’ should have read ‘but only for five it was mentioned to which medication (Table 2).’ The complete sentence should read: ‘For 22 prescribing cascades, recommendations were made to switch the index medication but only for five it was mentioned to which medication (Table 2).’ The following sentence, which previously read: ‘Kirwan et al. [72] recommended the switch to betaxolol when an obstructive airways disorder is experienced when using antiglaucoma preparations, whereas Avorn et al. [71] recommended to switch to any other antiglaucoma preparation.’ should read ‘Avorn et al [71] recommended to switch to beta-1-selective agents when an obstructive airways disorder is experienced when using nonselective beta-blockers for glaucoma.’ In Table 2, ‘Prescribing cascade’ section, ‘Cardiovascular system’ subsections, ‘ACE-inhibitors, including combinations (C09A, C09B)’ and ‘ACE-inhibitors (C09AA)’ row: The cell entry in column 6, which previously read: “DL [26]” and “DL [28]” should be deleted. In the same subsection, ‘Atorvastatin’ row: The cell entry in column 6, which previously read: ‘SW [31]’ should read ‘SW (fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin) [31].’ In the ‘Dihydropyridines (C08CA)’ row of the same subsection: The cell entry in column 6, which was previously empty should read ‘DIS, DL, SW [39].’ In the ‘Amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine**’ row: The cell entry in column 6, which was previously empty should read ‘DL, DIS [41].’ Under the ‘Musculo-skeletal system (M)’ subsection, ‘Miscellaneous NSAIDs (within M01A)’ row: The cell entry in column 6, which previously read: ‘DIS, DL, SW [52]’ should read ‘DIS, DL, SW (acetaminophen) [52]’. In the ‘Sensory organs (S)’ subsection, ‘Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E)’ row: The cell entry in column 6, which previously read: ‘SW (betaxolol) [71, 72]’ should read ‘SW (beta-1-selective agents) [71].’ And the cell entries in column 6, which previously read: ‘SW [71, 72]’ and ‘DIS [73]’ should be deleted. The incorrect and correct versions of Table 2 are given below. Incorrect version of Table 2: Table 2 Prescribing cascades with at least one positive significant association between the index and marker medication, with confirmed ADRs and a dose-dependency analysis and/or recommendations to prevent or reverse the prescribing cascade Prescribing cascade analysesa Dose-dependency analysisb O = Otherc O = Otherc 1. Metoclopramide (A03FA01) Extrapyramidal syndrome (10015836) Anti-parkinson drugs (N04) +R [21, 22] +R [21] SW (ondansetron or granisetron) [21] 2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.038 | 0.370 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.128 | 0.028 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".