Bibliographic record
Abstract
The forthcoming update of the US AASHTO Specs will agree with the Canadian building code and the US Corps of Engineers code in regard to the analysis and design of piled foundations. Case histories on observations on full-scale piled rafts are reviewed and show that the response of interior and perimeter piles differ. Single piles and perimeter piles engage the soil from the ground downward. In contrast, interior piles engage the soil from the pile toe level upward. Interior piles and soil have strain compatibility, which determines the distribution of load between the piles, the raft contact stress, and the load-transfer movement. Particularly so in subsiding environment, because perimeter piles are subjected to downdrag and drag forces, while neither downdrag nor drag force will affect the interior piles to any appreciable degree. The difference will affect the load distribution and bending moment response across the raft, which is also governed by the degree of rigidity of the raft and by the difference in dishing at the pile toe level and in the dishing of the actual raft. Contact stress under the raft, be it large or small, is incidental to the response of a piled foundation and cannot be considered to reduce the effect of the load applied to the foundation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.097 | 0.052 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".