Multiphase OH Oxidation of Bisphenols: Chemical Transformation and Persistence in the Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor widely found in commercial products. Despite negative human health effects, its usage is not fully banned worldwide with ongoing human exposure from sources including dust, aerosol particles, and surfaces. Although attention has been paid to the abundance of alternatives with similar structures that are replacing BPA, uncertainties remain with respect to their chemical transformations and products, toxicity, and environmental fate. We provide the first experimental and modeling assessment of gas-particle multiphase OH oxidation of BPA and six common bisphenol alternatives. We examine the transformation of condensed-phase BPA and its alternatives using an oxidation flow reactor with products monitored by online mass spectrometry. Fourteen products were identified and used to develop a generic mechanism applicable to all bisphenols and to provide inputs into an environmental fate model (PROduction-to-Exposure; PROTEX). Our modeling results highlight the role of heterogeneous surface reactions in determining the indoor retention of these chemicals and their relative environmental persistence indoors and outdoors. All investigated parent molecules yield transformation products predicted to accumulate indoors, with extended indoor persistence if a long chemical lifetime on surfaces (e.g., >100 weeks) is assumed. Evidence of phenoxy radical presence upon oxidation raises a human health risk concern.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".