Real‐time measurement of entropy production and export in humans: A step toward entropically informed medicine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Biological organisms are open thermodynamic systems in which internal structure and function arise from a network of heat‐ and entropy‐producing processes, requiring external export of heat and entropy to the environment. System stability, including health and healing, is hypothesized to relate to the mass‐normalized rate of entropy production and export, and the capacity to augment both when required. Using a novel methodological framework that allows the continuous measurement of heat fluxes and body temperature, we can estimate internal entropy production and external entropy export in humans during exercise under heat stress. We report the impairment of entropy export leading to entropy accumulation in association with increasing age, reduced fitness, and the presence of diabetes. In all conditions, impairment was also found to be negatively correlated with the VO 2 max fitness measure. Our analyses make use of direct calorimetry to quantify rates of heat loss and indirect calorimetry to measure metabolic heat production and core temperature in real time. Our results highlight the potential relevance of the entropy balance to the definition of health and open the possibility of designing novel therapeutic approaches based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics to improve patient care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".