The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Oil-Contaminated Soil Properties and Its Improvement Using Biodiesel in the Dora Refinery Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, oil-polluted soil in the vicinity of the Dora refinery was focused on.Soil samples were collected at appropriate depths and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties to determine the degree of pollution.The analyses included pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, bulk density, moisture content, and soil texture measurements.GC-MS was utilized for the identification of petroleum organic compounds.Used cooking oil was utilized to produce biodiesel, which was subsequently applied to the contaminated soil at a 10% by weight.Corn seedlings (Zea mays) were subsequently sown in treated and untreated soils, and growth parameters-height, number of leaves, and dry biomass-were quantified.The results indicated significant improvements in soil quality and plant growth in treated soil compared to untreated soil, showing the efficiency of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly bioremediation process for enhancing oil-contaminated soil quality and promoting plant growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".