Should Canada Allow Autonomous Ships in Its Coastal Waters?—International Context and Legal Implications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract for Scopus Indexing: Autonomous shipping technologies are already being tested on the ocean and are presumably here to stay. This brings a new set of issues into the shipping world currently being discussed by the international community through the International Maritime Organization. The regulatory framework in the works, the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships ( MASS ) Code, is planned to take effect in 2025 and will be non-mandatory at first, which means States will have some time and latitude to adapt to this new reality. This article aims to reflect on how Canada should position itself on the international scene and argues that the challenges and the risks posed by these new technologies are sufficiently high to question the value of their imminent presence in Canadian waters and perhaps a ban should be considered, at least in the short term. Additionally, it is argued that the true beneficiaries of autonomous technologies will be the manufacturers and not shipowners or consumers, as many expect, and adopting regulations banning MASS in a coastal States’ waters would not be detrimental to the shipping industry in the early phases of the development.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it