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Record W4411722797 · doi:10.14785/lymphosign-2025-0003

Primary immunodeficiencies related to folate and cobalamin transport and metabolism

2025· article· en· W4411722797 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueLymphoSign Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicFolate and B Vitamins Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCobalaminPrimary (astronomy)MetabolismImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesMedicineChemistryImmunologyInternal medicineVitamin B12Immune system

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Primary immunodeficiency diseases encompass a range of disorders that impact the immune system, resulting in a spectrum of phenotypes and cellular dysfunction. Manifestations may include recurrent infections, failure to thrive, immune dysregulation, as well as other symptoms. The underlying genetic abnormalities affect not only the immune system, but occasionally other organ systems as well. To date, there are over 500 genes known to cause primary immunodeficiency. Notably, inborn errors of metabolism can cause immunodeficiency by compromising critical transporters or enzymes. In particular, folate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) are essential for maintenance of hematopoietic function, neurological development, and fetal development. Variants in the genes MTHFD1, TCN2, and SLC46A1, are known to underlie folate and cobalamin-related immunodeficiency. More recently, pathogenic variants in SLC19A1 have been reported as a novel cause of folate deficiency. This review presents a timely overview of immunodeficiency diseases resulting from abnormalities in folate and cobalamin transport and metabolism.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.850
Threshold uncertainty score0.441

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.260 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it