Modulatory Role of Nitric Oxide on the Vasomotor Actions of <scp>NPY</scp> in Porcine Cerebral Arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic co-transmitter that mediates vasoconstriction. However, there is evidence that it may also mediate dilation through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. OBJECTIVE: We used a swine model to examine how NPY influences cerebral vascular regulation and hypothesized that NPY would elicit both vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory effects, and that such effects would be modulated partially by NO signaling. METHODS: -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; 0.35 mg/kg/min). Separately, Y1 receptor distribution (immunohistochemistry) and vasomotor responses to intra- and extraluminal NPY under control and NOS inhibition conditions were examined in isolated arteries. RESULTS: Intracarotid NPY infusions elicited transient dilation that was blocked by NOS inhibition. In isolated pial arteries, distinct populations of NPY-Y1 receptors were observed on both the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and endothelium. Extraluminal application of NPY elicited vasoconstriction, while intraluminal delivery elicited vasodilation. NOS inhibition enhanced the magnitude of vasoconstriction in isolated pial arteries. Endothelial denudation, Y1 receptor antagonism, and NOS inhibition each blunted NPY-induced vasodilation. CONCLUSION: These data suggest both vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory effects of NPY are modulated partially by NO signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".