Bovine Pestiviruses (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) genomic diversity and global distribution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is capable of infecting cattle in many countries; it is characterized by genetic diversity and various diverse clinical manifestations. Bovine pestiviruses belong to three species: Pestivirus bovis (BVDV-1), Pestivirus tauri (BVDV2) and Pestivirus braziliense (BVDV-3 or HOBIE-like pestivirus). There are 21 subtypes of BVDV-1, 4 of BVDV-2, and 4 of BVDV-3. The most widespread in the world, BVDV-1 is widespread in cattle and is most often detected in European countries. The largest number of subtypes of this virus have been identified in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is wides pread in the Central region of the Russian Federation (subtypes 1a and 1m). A number of BVDV-1 subtypes have been detected in Turkey, including BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1i, 1l, 1r, and 1v. A total of 11 subtypes are presentin native and imported animals in Siberia: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g (2.5%), 1i (2.5%), 1j (5%), 1k (5%), 1p (5%), and 1r (5%). BVDV-2 is the most virulent and is found less frequently, primarily in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, in European countries (Germany, Slovakia, Turkey, and Italy), and in Asian countries (South Korea, Japan, and Mongolia). Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%) and 2c (5%). BVDV-3 circulates in Europe, Asia, and South America. The main route of virus introduction is via contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian Brazilian group (3a) was identified in seven lots of fetal serum. The existence of virus polymorphism complicates disease diagnosis and reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".