Normative Data for Preseason Screening Assessments in Female University Contemporary Dancers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Kiss, JL, Critchley, ML, and Kenny, SJ. Normative data for preseason screening assessments in female university contemporary dancers. J Strength Cond Res 39(9): e1099-e1104, 2025-Injury incidence rates in elite-level dance are high. Normative values from preseason screening can inform training to target areas for improvement and minimize future injury risk. The purpose of this study was to establish mean/median values, proportions, and percentiles for hip and ankle joint range of motion, dynamic balance, and isometric hip strength in female preprofessional contemporary dancers. One hundred sixty-six dancers (mean age: 18.9 ± 1.83 years) participated in preseason screening at the beginning of 6 academic years (2015, 2018, 2019, and 2021-2023). Measures included: ankle and hip range of motion [dorsiflexion (degrees), plantarflexion (degrees), and total active standing turnout (TAT) (degrees)], dynamic balance [unipedal dynamic balance (UDB) (in seconds) and Y-balance test (YBT) (cm)], and hip abduction strength (HAS) (N, N/kg body mass). Mean dorsiflexion was 46.5° (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.5-47.5), mean plantarflexion was 86.9° (95% CI: 85.7-88.1), and mean TAT was 105° (95% CI: 102.7-108.5). Median UDB was 4.9 seconds (IQR: 3.8-7.11). Mean YBT anterior reach was 56.0 cm (95% CI: 55.2-56.9), and mean YBT composite score was 87.0 cm (95% CI: 86.0-88.1). Mean absolute HAS was 265.9 N (95% CI: 253.4-278.4), and mean normalized HAS was 4.5 N·kg -1 body mass (95% CI: 4.3-4.7). Paired t -tests and Wilcoxon sum rank tests were used to examine side-to-side differences (α = 0.05). Percentile analysis for screening assessments was conducted. There were no side-to-side differences between dominant and nondominant legs. Female university dancers' preseason screening scores can be compared with normative data from the present study to identify areas for improvement to tailor supplementary training. Future prospective research is recommended to establish associations of these measures with dance-related injury risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".