International trends in radial artery usage for coronary artery bypass grafting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims The study aimed to investigate international trends in the adoption of the radial artery (RA) as a conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting across different national and regional registries. Methods and results Data were extracted from four databases: the UK cardiac surgery database, the Ontario provincial administrative database, the Austrian national adult cardiac surgery database, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (STS ACSD). Radial artery use rates were 4.3% in the UK, 23.3% in Ontario, 4.8% in Austria, and 6.4% in the STS ACSD. Significant uptrends in RA use were observed in Ontario (P = 0.001), Austria (P = 0.004), and the STS ACSD (P = 0.02), while a downtrend was noted in the UK (P = 0.015). Endoscopic RA harvesting was increasingly adopted, particularly in Ontario and the STS ACSD. Conclusion Global adoption of RA remains variable and generally low with a general uptrend and higher adoption of endoscopic harvesting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".