MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4411753611 · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaf097.665

P-359 Patients’ experiences with elective egg freezing (EEF) consent processes: best practices and recommendations for improving informed consent

2025· article· en· W4411753611 on OpenAlexaffabout
Katherine A. Green Hammond

Bibliographic record

VenueHuman Reproduction · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEthics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInformed consentMedicineFamily medicineAlternative medicinePathology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Study question What are the consent processes for patients undergoing EEF at Canadian fertility clinics, and do these patients feel adequately informed through existing consent processes? Summary answer EEF consent processes rely on an unstandardized patchwork of sources. 18 EEF patients felt adequately informed; all patients thought that consent processes could be improved. What is known already The use of EEF is on the rise. Scholars have argued that the aggressive marketing of EEF, along with the fact that it is not medically necessary, necessitates a heightened standard for informed consent. In particular, scholars have argued that EEF patients need clear honest information that not only makes success rates clear but also provides patients with essential information about risks, costs, and options for the future uses of genetic material. Despite this, little to no research has evaluated EEF consent processes and EEF patients’ perceptions of these processes. This study sought to fill this gap. Study design, size, duration This study comprised of: (1) qualitative semi-structured interviews (average 37 minutes) with 27 participants, over the age of 18, who had undergone at least one cycle of EEF at a Canadian fertility clinic. Interviews occurred between April 2023 and September 2024. (2) Consent materials were collected from 11 Canadian fertility clinics. In February 2024 all Canadian fertility clinics were contacted by email with a request for samples of consent forms and accompanying materials. Participants/materials, setting, methods Average participant age, at time of freezing eggs, was 35 (range: 21-40). Interviews took place over Zoom and were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through NVivo. Consent materials came from clinics across Canada. In addition to the 11 consent forms, accompanying materials included information packages, brochures, online materials, and videos. All consent materials were analyzed by the principal investigator and a research assistant according to seven elements of ethical standards of disclosure. Main results and the role of chance Consent processes vary significantly from clinic to clinic and rely on an unstandardized patchwork of materials. Some consent materials are very thorough, but most did not adhere to minimum standards of disclosure. There were 8 areas that were recurringly mentioned by participants (5+) as areas where they did not feel as though they were given adequate information. These were: (1) administration of hormone injections, (2) logistics of the egg retrieval, (3) subsequent procedures to use frozen eggs (e.g. IVF), (4) emotional risks and inconveniences, (5) egg storage (cost and location) (6) success rates at the clinic where they pursued EEF, (7) options for any unused eggs, and (8) possibility to freeze embryos. In terms of how information was given, best practices noted by participants included: thorough meeting with the physician, opportunity to ask questions after initial meeting, inclusion of explanatory videos, online platforms, tutorials with a nurse, and complimentary fertility counseling. Problems with delivery of information for consent were: feeling rushed, no time to ask questions, questions unanswered, “barebones overview” of steps, and explanation (rather than demonstration) for hormonal injections. Limitations, reasons for caution Findings may be limited by the smaller sample size. Additionally, these findings stem from Canada and usefulness to other jurisdictions may be impacted, to some extent, by local laws, regulations, and guidelines pertaining to healthcare consent processes. Wider implications of the findings This study provides insight into what information EEF patients are seeking, i.e. what information EEF patients need to have given informed consent. It illustrates best practices for EEF consent processes and provides recommendations on how to optimize these processes to ensure informed consent. Trial registration number No

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.394
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.123
GPT teacher head0.438
Teacher spread0.315 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueHuman ReproductionSame topicEthics and Legal Issues in Pediatric HealthcareFrench-language works237,207