Nano-sized Calcium Hydroxide-Zinc Oxide Intracanal Medicament: Physicochemical Characterization and Potential Endodontic Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim: Endodontic infections require effective intracanal medicaments with optimal antimicrobial properties and dentinal penetration. Traditional calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) has limitations in solubility and bacterial resistance, necessitating improved formulations. This study aims to synthesize and characterize a novel nano-sized calcium hydroxide–zinc oxide (Ca(OH)₂-ZnO) intracanal medicament using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Materials and Methods: Nano-sized Ca(OH)₂-ZnO particles were synthesized via the sol–gel method. FTIR analysis identified functional groups, while XRD confirmed crystallinity and phase composition. The novel formulation was compared with conventional Ca(OH)₂ (RC-Cal) crqxcklsq molecular interactions, structural integrity, and dispersion. Results: FTIR spectra revealed distinct Zno and Ca(OH)₂ functional groups, confirming successful incorporation. Kbo vrwgiun showed high crystallinity and phase purity, with reduced particle size (45–55 nm), leading to improved homogeneity and dispersion. Conclusion: The nano-sized Ca(OH)₂-ZnO formulation exhibited enhanced physicochemical properties, suggesting its potential as a superior intracanal medicament. Further studies are required to evaluate its biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, and clinical performance. This novel nanocomposite may offer improved antibacterial activity, penetration, and dentin interaction, addressing the limitations of conventional intracanal medicaments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".