Properties of concrete incorporating plastic fibres derived from nonbiodegradable waste plastic bags
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Incorporating post-consumer plastic waste into concrete offers a sustainable solution while providing safer plastic waste disposal. Nonbiodegradable end-of-use plastic bags are disposed of causing environmental and ocean pollution. This research aims to derive plastic fibre (PF) from wasted plastic bags in concrete production. Waste plastic bags were collected, cleaned, and dried. Two different lengths of PF (20–35 and 5–12 mm) were derived through hand cutting. Including control mix, nine mixes were prepared with different percentages of PF. Slump and density were evaluated for fresh concrete, whereas strengths and absorption properties were assessed for hardened concrete. Relationships among different strength properties are also proposed based on the test results. A decreasing trend of strength properties was observed while increasing the fibre percentages. However, all the plastic fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) showed better flexural performance compared to the control mix. Thus, nonbiodegradable plastic bags can be effectively repurposed in concrete production, contributing to landfill waste reduction, lowering carbon emissions, and advancing sustainability and circular economy practices in construction sector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".