Impaired trap closure in the counting-deficient Venus flytrap mutant DYSCALCULIA is caused by cell wall biomechanics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Living in nutrient-poor environments, the carnivorous Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula captures animal prey to compensate for this deficiency. Stimulation of trigger hairs located on the inner trap surface elicits an action potential (AP). While two consecutive APs result in fast trap closure in wildtype (WT) plants, sustained AP generation by the insect struggling to escape the trap leads to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, formation of the digestive “stomach”, and release of enzymes needed to decompose the victim. The Dionaea muscipula DYSCALCULIA (DYSC) mutant is able to fire touch-induced APs, but unlike WT plants, it does not snap-close its traps after two consecutive APs. Moreover, DYSC plants fail to properly initiate the JA pathway in response to mechanostimulation and even wounding, a well-known JA-dependent process conserved among plants. As demonstrated in previous studies, this DYSC mutant defect is associated with impaired decoding of mechanostimulation (i.e. touch) -induced Ca 2+ signals. External JA application to the trap, however, restores slow trap closure and digestive gland function in DYSC, while rapid trap closure is JA-independent and cannot be rescued by exogenous JA application. Higher frequency mechanostimulation and thus more APs, however, revealed that DYSC is still able to close its traps, albeit much slower than WT plants. To reveal the molecular underpinnings of DYSC’s delayed trap movement, we generated a chromosome-scale Dionaea genome assembly and profiled gene expression. The refined transcriptomic analysis uncovered widespread misregulation of cell wall-related genes in DYSC, implicating altered cell wall plasticity in the sluggish mutant. Cell indentation studies by atomic force microscopy revealed a strictly localized and strikingly enhanced stiffening of the cell wall for DYSC that may hinder rapid trap closure and snap buckling. Together, these genomic, transcriptomic, and biophysical data identify cell wall elasticity as a key constraint on voltage and Ca 2+ dependent trap kinetics. This finding documents the interrelationship between mechanosensing and Ca 2+ signaling in the ultrafast capture organ of the Venus flytrap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".