Diversity of climatic and bioclimatic conditions during the second International Polar Year (1932-1933) in northern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International Polar Years (IPY) are a series of scientific and research expeditions organised and coordinated by the International Council for Science and the World Meteorological Organization, during which information is collected on the Earth's polar regions. The research has demonstrated the key importance of polar regions in shaping weather and climate at lower latitudes.This paper presents the diversity of climatic and bioclimatic conditions during the second IPY (1932-33) in northern Canada. These conditions are presented for the Coppermine, Chesterfield, Cope Hope Advance, Nain and Makkovik stations. The material (air temperature and wind speed) used for the times of the second IPY comes from the Canadian Polar Year (1940) for the first three above-mentioned stations and from Climate Data (2022) for the remaining two. The meteorological measurements in Nain and Makkovik were taken by Moravian Missionaries who conducted religious missions in this area. The historical results during the second IPY were compared with the reference period (1991–2020) from contemporary meteorological stations (Kugluktuk, Chesterfield, Kangirsuk and Nain). Data for the modern period come from Historical Climate Data, Government of Canada https://climate.weather.gc.ca/.The study analysed two biometeorological indexes: wind chill temperature (WCT) and predicted clothing insulation (Iclp). Apparent cold and the extent of frostbite risk to the human body were assessed using the WCT. On the other hand, the thermal insulation of clothing required for a person to maintain thermal equilibrium in a given set of meteorological conditions was estimated using the Iclp index. Both biometeorological indices were calculated using BioKlima 2.6 software (https://www.igipz.pan.pl/bioklima-crd.html).The work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, project No. 2020/39/B/ST10/00653. Reference:Climate Data from the Overseas Stations of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Marine Observatory) in Canada, 2022, DWD, Marine Climate Monitoring, Hamburg.Canadian Polar Year Expeditions 1932-33, Meteorology, 1940, Division of Meteorological Services of Canada, Volume I, Ottawa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".