COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF GASDYNAMIC FEATURES OF JETS OUTFLOW FROM NOZZLES OF CYLINDRICAL DESIGN FOR OXYGEN CONVERTERS CONDITIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oxygen converter process is the only competitive leader in the production of liquid steel. This is primarily due to the available different types of blowing devices that perform various functions during smelting and allow for rapid adaptation to changing technological conditions. The main types of nozzles for top blowing devices are Laval nozzles, which are used to supply the main oxygen flow, and cylindrical nozzles, which are more often used for postcombustion of exhaust gases. The results of a multifaceted study of the features of the gas jet outflow from the cylindrical nozzle are presented to clarify the rational limits of their use in the design of the top blown lances of an oxygen converter. It was conducted by shadow shooting methods when the gas stream flows into the free air environment and into a model liquid - water, and by mathematical modeling methods. In accordance with the industrial technological conditions of using nozzles, it was established that when the height of the cylindrical nozzles was 40 calibers from the surface of the calm bath, high indicators of the energy of the blowout gas and, accordingly, the gas flow velocities were achieved when the blowing gas was supplied with an excess pressure of at least 300 kPa. At the same time, the possibility of penetration into a real slag-metal melt under such conditions (when extrapolating calculations to a 60 kg laboratory model of an oxygen converter) was at the level of 56 - 65% of the height of the slag melt. It was noted that to increase the permeability of the gas jet flowing from the cylindrical nozzle, it is necessary to reduce the lance height by 25%relative. The characteristic features of the change in the shape of the gas jet and the distribution of velocities along the length when the pressure of the blowing gas changes, and their influence on the actual depth of immersion of the gas jet in the model liquid - water, were noted. A conclusion was made about the feasibility of using cylindrical nozzles as second-row nozzles for multi-row upper lances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".