Experimental results and analysis of plasma dynamics and radiation output of the 100 kV dense plasma focus FAETON-I
Bibliographic record
Abstract
FAETON-I is the highest direct-charged voltage plasma focus (PF), at 100 kV, 1 MA peak current. F-I produces consistent [Formula: see text] D-D neutrons/shot, over 3 MeV X-rays and [Formula: see text] keV deuterons, demonstrating unique combined neutron-gamma environment. Its peak neutron yield was recorded at [Formula: see text] neutrons/shot at 12 Torr deuterium. The best peak dynamics-induced pinch voltage was measured at 194 kV. A major difficulty anticipated for PF operation at high-voltage and high-current is the likelihood of re-strikes which divert current away from the compressing plasma. F-I shows excellent current sheath dynamics and above-scaling D-D neutron yield, despite severe re-strikes. This study, correlating current and voltage time profiles with radial trajectories, reveals that the dynamics-induced voltage peak of [Formula: see text] kV, produces deuteron beam first, then the re-strikes, which do not affect the target pinch plasma in geometry and areal density. Thus, this first neutron pulse is hardly affected by re-strikes, and the very high-voltage results in above-scaling out-performance, despite degradation of the second neutron pulse from pinch instabilities. Moreover, upgrading to D-T operation, it is expected that the first pulse at [Formula: see text] keV (peak D-T cross section) ion energy, will completely dominate the second pulse with micro-beams at MeV (low D-T cross section).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".