Efficacy test of a Mycoplasma hyorhinis mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis is a widespread bacterium that frequently causes polyserositis and arthritis in post-weaning pigs. Currently, prevention and treatment strategies rely on mitigating risk factors and administering antibiotics, as no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. Developing a safe and efficacious vaccine could provide a long-term solution, reducing the economic impact of M. hyorhinis infections. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a M. hyorhinis mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate. Materials and methods The selected antigens were highly conserved proteins involved in bacterial adhesion. The mRNAs encoding these proteins were produced using established protocols and subsequently encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles through a self-assembly technique. For the in vivo efficacy assessment, three-week-old piglets were immunized with the candidate vaccine, and the injection site was monitored daily. At six weeks of age, the animals were challenged intravenously on two consecutive days. The clinical examinations were performed daily, while blood samples were collected weekly for a M. hyorhinis -specific antibody ELISA and Porcine Interferon gamma (Porcine IFN-γ) ELISA. Three weeks post-challenge, the animals were euthanized for gross and histopathological examinations. Additionally, body temperatures were recorded daily, and the body weights of the animals were measured upon arrival and then at six and nine weeks of age. Results After the challenge, the vaccinated group showed significantly higher IgG antibody titers than the positive control. Similarly, the vaccinated group's average daily weight gain was higher than the one of the challenge group. However, the vaccine candidate failed to confer sufficient protection against the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological lesions. Discussion Overall, a single dose of mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate was ineffective in preventing the disease caused by M. hyorhinis . Future research should focus on optimizing the vaccine formulation by incorporating additional antigens or adjuvants, implementing a two-dose immunization, or exploring alternative routes of administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".