MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4411861781 · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105965

Reliability analysis based on cascaded-Foster thermal networks for systems-in-package (SiP)

2025· article· en· W4411861781 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueResults in Engineering · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
Topic3D IC and TSV technologies
Canadian institutionsPolytechnique MontréalUniversité de MonctonUniversité du Québec en Outaouais
Fundersnot available
KeywordsReliability (semiconductor)Reliability engineeringSystem in packageComputer scienceEngineeringTelecommunicationsPhysicsThermodynamics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper presents a fast and comprehensive method for reliability prediction of 3D System-in-Package (3D SiP) technologies. The proposed approach accounts for both critical wear-out failure mechanisms and mission-specific profiles. A novel reliability assessment framework is introduced to address the limitations of traditional methods, which often overlook the variability in failure mechanisms and wear-out rates across different layers within the same mission profile. A key contribution of this work is the coupling between the mission profile and dominant wear-out rates, enabling simultaneous consideration of multiple failure mechanisms, such as those affecting through-silicon vias (TSVs) and solder joints, under real-time operating conditions. The framework offers a multilayer analysis that uses unified units for each layer and incorporates a precise thermal model, enabling the rapid prediction of thermal behavior throughout the system's lifetime. Additionally, the proposed method can be easily integrated into circuit simulators and utilized as a real-time reliability estimator. This capability enables researchers and engineers to further investigate interactions between failure mechanisms across different layers of the SiP under realistic and dynamic operational conditions. By identifying the dominant failure mechanism in each layer, the method supports early-stage design decisions to mitigate potential reliability issues. The reliability estimation process involves selecting the mechanism with the shortest predicted lifespan for each layer and constructing the overall reliability curve using a series configuration of the reliability block diagram. Long-term mission profiles are translated into thermal loads through a cascaded Foster thermal network, with Monte Carlo simulations applied to determine the system's failure distribution.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.626
Threshold uncertainty score0.821

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.215
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it