Sex-Specific early cardiac dysfunction in Offsprings of C57BL/6J mice continuously exposed to High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the sex-specific cardiac effects of maternal and lifelong exposure to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet in offspring. We hypothesized that continuous HFHS diet exposure would induce sex-specific metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions. Dams were fed either a standard laboratory chow diet (CON) or an HFHS diet for 8 weeks before pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring remained on the same maternal diet (CON or HFHS) until tissue collection at 29–32 weeks of age. Body composition and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed at 6 and 28 weeks of age. Pressure-volume loops were obtained at 29–32 weeks using the Transonic ADV 500 system to evaluate cardiac parameters. Continuous HFHS exposure significantly increased body weight and fat mass in male offspring compared to CON-fed males, with no effects observed in females. Relative heart weight normalized to tibia length was higher in males than females, regardless of diet. Female HFHS offspring developed glucose intolerance at 6 weeks, while males did not. P-V loop analysis revealed evidence of left ventricular (LV) systolic contractile dysfunction in male offspring exposed to an HFHS diet. End-systolic volume (ESV) was significantly higher in HFHS males compared to controls. Load-independent contractility, assessed after vena cava occlusion, showed that the slope of end-systolic elastance (Ees) was significantly reduced in HFHS males, while the ventricular-arterial coupling ratio (Ea/Ees) was significantly elevated, indicating impaired contractile efficiency. In contrast, females on HSHF diet showed signs of early diastolic dysfunction by significant decrease of end diastolic elastance (Eed). Signs of diastolic dysfunction were not present in males on HSHF diet. In summary, long-term exposure to an HFHS diet results in sex-specific metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions. Males exhibited increased body weight, fat mass, and significant systolic impairments, including reduced LV contractility and coupling efficiency. In contrast, females showed glucose intolerance at 6 weeks and evidence of an early diastolic dysfunction. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health [NIH, NIGMS, grant GM125603] to EC. This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".