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Record W4411892998 · doi:10.5565/rev/jtl3.1442

How Should the Teaching of Grammar Be Conceptualized in the Education of Multilingual Learners?

2025· article· en· W4411892998 on OpenAlex
Jim Cummins

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueBellaterra Journal of Teaching & Learning Language & Literature · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicEFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGrammarLinguisticsSociologyPedagogyPsychologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper analyses the role of formal grammar teaching in the education of multilingual learners from migrant backgrounds. It is argued that an instructional focus on grammar teaching, conceptualized as one component of language awareness, will be most effective when it is pursued in the teaching of academic subjects across the curriculum and also integrated with a broader focus on promoting active literacy engagement. School language policies focused on developing language awareness and promoting literacy engagement should minimally include six sets of instructional strategies that respond to opportunity gaps experienced by multilingual students. These instructional responses include scaffold comprehension and production of language, reinforce academic language across the curriculum, engage students’ multilingual repertoires, maximize literacy engagement, connect with students’ lives, and affirm students’ identities. The ways in which the teaching of grammar relates to these instructional strategies in the development of school-based language policies are discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesResearch integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.330
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.311
Teacher spread0.287 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it