Programmed cell death and redox metabolism protect Chlamydomonas reinhardtii populations from the galactic cosmic environment on the Artemis-1 mission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On the Artemis I mission, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green unicellular flagellate alga, was exposed to the galactic cosmic environment. A new flight hardware termed "Moonshot" was designed, built, and flown. "Moonshot" performed flawlessly, and is available as flight-certified, flight-proven hardware for timed illumination and monitoring for flight and terrestrial applications. The Chlamydomonas strains were spotted on nutrient agar plates and flown on Artemis I in the new Moonshot hardware that provided six hours of light daily to synchronize the algal cell cycle and tracked temperature, power use, and gravity over time. Synchronous ground controls in identical hardware were run in parallel. The Artemis-1 flight of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii around the Moon with exposure to the galactic cosmic environment showed: (1) Flown samples exposed to cosmic radiation showed increased programmed cell death and decreased necrosis compared to ground control samples. (2) There was robust Chlamydomonas growth in both flown and ground control samples post flight. (3) Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that redox-protective terpenoid carotene pigments, known cell death mediators, were increased during flight around the moon. (4) Insertion of the Dsup tardigrade gene was protective both on the ground and in flight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".