Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma (<scp>RCC FMS</scp>) and with hemangioblastoma‐like areas is part of the <scp>RCC FMS</scp> spectrum in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Sporadic renal cell carcinomas with fibromyomatous stroma (RCC FMS) with coexistent haemangioblastoma (HB)-like morphology have been previously reported. Such morphology has not, however, been documented in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We evaluated clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of RCC FMS with HB-like features in three TSC patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: All three patients were females with confirmed germline mutations in TSC1 in the absence of VHL or other alterations. One patient had bilateral nephrectomy with six separate tumours (three in each kidney), and two patients had one tumour each, resected by partial nephrectomy. Prominent fibromuscular stroma was present at the tumoral periphery and surrounding clear cell nests forming tubules and papillary formations (RCC FMS areas), admixed with solid, clear to eosinophilic and spindle cell areas (HB-like areas). HB-like areas were variably represented in individual tumours, but in some, HB-like features were almost exclusive. HB-like areas were negative for CK7 and showed inhibin-α and S100 reactivity, in contrast to typical RCC FMS areas, which were CK7 positive, while negative for inhibin-α and S100. GPNMB, which is consistently expressed in TSC/mTOR altered tumours, was positive in both components. On follow-up (10 months-21 years), all patients had an indolent course. CONCLUSIONS: HB-like morphology found in RCC FMS in TSC patients represents part of the morphologic spectrum of RCC FMS, which is a previously underreported and underrecognized feature. RCC FMS with HB-like areas show uniform GPNMB reactivity and are associated with TSC/MTOR alterations, but not with VHL alterations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".