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Record W4411902584 · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2968

Comparison of EfficientNet CNN models for multi-label chest X-ray disease diagnosis

2025· article· en· W4411902584 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuePeerJ Computer Science · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCOVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
FundersTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
KeywordsX-rayComputer sciencePhysicsOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The analysis of chest X-ray images, which are critical for the early diagnosis of many diseases, is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the multiple labeling requirements and similar looking pathologies. In traditional methods, expert physicians analyze high-resolution chest X-ray images to diagnose these diseases using observational methods, a process that can lead to human error and hence misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. In this study, we aim to autonomously detect 14 different diseases that significantly affect human health and some cases even lead to death using chest X-ray images in a multi-class manner using deep learning techniques. Previous studies on chest X-ray images focus on a single disease or have low success rates, and the architectures presented in previous studies have high computational costs. The novelty of this work is that it presents a hybrid lightweight, fast and attention-based architecture with high classification performance. In this study, we used the ChestX-Ray14 dataset consisting of 112,104 labeled chest X-ray images of 14 disease classes. Eight deep learning architectures (EfficientNetB0-B7) and coordinate attention mechanism are used in the training and testing processes. The proposed EfficientNetB7 architecture achieved an average overall classification performance with an AUC value of 0.8265. The EfficientNet enhanced with coordinate attention architecture achieved a classification success with an AUC value of 0.8309. Moreover, when the proposed architecture and the individual disease classes are considered separately, higher classification success is achieved for eight of the 14 diseases in the dataset. Finally, the results of this study outperformed the classification performance of other similar studies in the literature in terms of AUC score. The results obtained in our study show that the proposed deep learning based lightweight and fast architecture can support radiologists in decision making in disease diagnosis. The use of autonomous disease diagnosis systems can support the protection of human health by preventing incomplete or erroneous diagnoses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Direct model labels (unvalidated)

Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.

Model armCategoriesStudy designConfidence
gemmano category
Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical
About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no
Simulation or modelinglow
gptno category
Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical
About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no
Simulation or modelinghigh
models agreeAgreement compares identical category sets and study designs across arms.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.661
Threshold uncertainty score0.751

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.116
GPT teacher head0.418
Teacher spread0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it