Enhanced Bioavailability of Ferric Pyrophosphate Delivery System Constructed with β-Glucan and Casein Phosphopeptide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron supplementation has been an important and complicated health topic. Available iron preparations generally have issues such as instability, inadequate absorption, and low consumer acceptability. This study provided a novel ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) delivery system, the FePP-casein-phosphopeptide-dextran (FCD) complex, with sodium pyrophosphate (NaPP) as a solvent promoter and casein-phosphopeptide (CPP) and β-glucan as wall materials. Compared to FePP, FCD showed better properties, including good water solubility (95% resolubilization), color stability (pH 3.5–6.5), compatibility with sensitive nutrients like vitamin C (VC), and lipid oxidation stability (delayed by approximately 50%). In vitro, FCD demonstrated gradual iron release in the gut with a release rate exceeding 80%. In vivo, FCD effectively alleviated iron deficiency anemia (IDA) symptoms in mice, with superior overall efficacy to FePP. Therefore, this novel FCD iron delivery system had considerable potential to be applied in nutritional food systems or iron supplements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".