Atomic resolution detection of gallium-filled 2D silicon vacancies at the epitaxial graphene/SiC interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the generation of Si vacancies during epitaxial graphene (EG) formation and the mechanism of Ga filling the Si vacancies during Ga intercalation are determined. The formation of EG and the subsequent generation of Si vacancies were investigated. Prior to Ga intercalation during the EG formation process, Si vacancies form in the topmost layer of the SiC substrate. Furthermore, these vacancies change the stacking sequence of SiC from its original 6H configuration to a 3C structure. After metal intercalation, the topmost SiC layer showed increased high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) intensity relative to the bulk, suggesting the incorporation of heavier metals into this layer. This top SiC layer showed a sensitivity to e-beam damage, similar to the metallic bonding observed in two-dimensional (2D) metals. Finally, EELS analysis confirmed the presence of a 2D metal layer at the topmost SiC layer, supporting the conclusion that Ga atoms occupy the Si vacancies formed during Si sublimation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".