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Record W4411959121 · doi:10.1002/wea.7744

Weather Images

2025· article· en· W4411959121 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueWeather · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicTree-ring climate responses
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnvironmental scienceRemote sensingGeologyMeteorologyGeography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Figure 1. The Birch Glacier in the Swiss Alps collapsed on 28 May 2025, causing a massive landslide which devastated the village of Blatten in the Lötschental valley. This image taken by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite on 30 May 2025 shows the extent of the area that was affected. The area of brownish-grey in the image shows the path of the landslide. Around 3 million m3 of debris crashed down the slope, destroying almost 90% of the village. (Image credit: European Union, Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery.) Figure 2. Numerous large wildfires were burning across Canada at the end of May 2025. The smoke from the wildfires can be seen as far south as southeastern parts of the USA in this satellite image. Persistent drought over the past few years, combined with unusually hot conditions that were made more likely by climate change, caused these wildfires to start so early in the season. The wildfire season in Canada typically runs from April through September or October. This NOAA-20/VIIRS satellite image was taken on 31 May 2025. (Image credit: NASA NOAA-20/VIIRS.)

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.460
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.237
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it