Trends in sea lice infestations on chum and pink salmon in the Broughton Archipelago remain unchanged despite removal of finfish aquaculture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To better understand the relative contributions of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi from farmed and non-farmed sources, infestations with sea lice are described on juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and pink salmon O. gorbuscha from the Broughton Archipelago (BA) in coastal British Columbia, Canada, during a period of declining salmon aquaculture presence. A total of 2868 salmon were collected by beach seine from 14 sites between 2016 and 2024 and examined for sea lice infestation by microscope. During this time, production of Atlantic salmon in open netpens in the BA declined from a high of 21645 metric tonnes (t) in 17 facilities in 2019 to 614 t in 2 facilities in 2024. The annual prevalence of all sea lice on chum salmon ranged from 53.7% in 2022 to 12.5% in 2023 and on pink salmon from 62.9% in 2022 to 7.3% in 2023. In 2024, the prevalence of L. salmonis and C. clemensi on both salmon species increased and was similar to or higher than annual prevalence values measured between 2016 and 2021, indicating the importance of natural reservoirs as sources of sea lice infestation in the BA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".