Exploring the association between women autonomy and the uptake of breast cancer screening in Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, yet the uptake of BC screening exercises remains low, particularly in patriarchal settings of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ghana, where women report lower decision-making autonomy regarding their own health. Despite the urgency of this issue, there is a notable lack of research in the Ghanaian context on how women's autonomy affects their engagement in BC screening. METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) (N = 15,014 women), and employing logistic regression models, this study fills the scholarly gap and contributes to the existing literature by examining the association between women's decision-making autonomy and the uptake of BC screening in Ghana. RESULTS: Women with greater decision-making autonomy (OR=1.169; p < 0.001), the employed (OR=1.186; p < 0.001), owners of valid health insurance cards (OR=1.185; p < 0.01), those who had proximity to health facilities (OR=1.170; p < 0.01), visited health facility in the preceding 12 months (OR=1.351; p < 0.001), and listened to radio at least once in a week (OR=1.486, p < 0.001), were all significantly more associated with BC screening. On the contrary, rural residents (OR=0.874; p < 0.05), traditional religious believers (OR=0.538; p < 0.05), all significantly reported lower odds of BC screening. More so, education, age, ethnicity, household wealth, and region of residence significantly predicted BC screening in the study context. CONCLUSION: Preventive healthcare policies like BC screening must pay critical attention to women with less educational attainment or from poor socio-economic backgrounds who may lack autonomy regarding their own health.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".