Groundwater-driven sedimentary diagenesis and control on aquifer characteristics: Integration of core and downhole geophysical data from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation, west-central Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Paskapoo Formation is the primary groundwater supply in the province of Alberta, Canada. Fluvial sandstone channels form effective aquifers, although lateral continuity and yield can vary significantly over short distances. Borehole cores and geophysical logs from adjacent non-cored boreholes drilled in the Fox Creek area, at the northern edge of the Paskapoo Formation domain, enabled identification of intervals of friable sandstone with intervening tightly cemented sandstone. The combination of specific geophysical logs reveals the presence of highly cemented sandstone, which acts as a barrier and focuses groundwater circulation within permeable sandstone carrier beds. Multi-stage carbonate diagenesis, involving dissolution and precipitation in the presence of groundwater has generated the main physical properties of the aquifer. The sandstone is composed of quartz with feldspars and fragments of volcanic and carbonate rocks. Two types of porosity are recognized: primary depositional and secondary dissolution. The latter results from significant local dissolution by acidic groundwater of feldspars, volcanic rock fragments and carbonates. Within the secondary pores, various volumes of calcite cement can be present. δ 18 O VPDB and δ 13 C VPDB ratios indicate the cement has precipitated from groundwater with HCO 3 − derived from the dissolution of Paleozoic carbonate particles. The correlation of petrophysical core data with geophysical logs indicates that low permeability calcite cemented beds are characterized by a significant increase in values of resistivity, density and velocity, and elevated reflectivity in acoustic televiewer logs across sub-meter to meter-thick beds. Porosity logs derived from density logs correlate well with measured core porosity and provide complete vertical porosity profiles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".