An investigation of the relationship between pain, quality of life, and venous refill time in chronic venous insufficiency
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Photoplethysmography provides information about global venous function and is also used to assess the time required to refill the veins within the dermis or the venous refill time. This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between pain, quality of life, and venous refill time in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Methods The study was conducted on a sample of 72 patients diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study: The Quality of Life/Symptoms Scale (VEINES-QOL/Sym), and venous refill time was obtained by using photoplethysmography. Results The mean age of the patients included in the study was 41.24 ± 13.58 years, and 54.2% were female. A positive correlation was found between photoplethysmography and VEINES-QOL/Sym, whereas a negative correlation was found with the McGill Pain Questionnaire ( p < .001). The results showed that photoplethysmography significantly predicted VEINES-QOL/Sym and McGill Pain Questionnaire with a statistically significant correlation ( p < .001). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that venous refill time has a significant impact on both pain and quality of life. The findings underscore the need to mitigate the negative impact of CVI on quality of life in patients diagnosed with CVI. In this regard, it is of great importance to identify the factors that negatively affect the quality of life of patients with CVI and to provide counseling services for these factors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it