Direct Natural Seawater Electrolysis through a Photoinduced Asymmetric Electric Field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct natural seawater electrolysis offers a pathway for green hydrogen production, yet its industrialization is hindered by precipitation formation and sluggish water dissociation kinetics on the cathode. Herein, we propose a photoinduced asymmetric electric field (PAEF) that dynamically affects the interfacial H-bond network under illumination, forming OH – diffusion channels and reorienting water configurations. The transient absorption spectroscopy indicates carrier dynamics for PAEF in a designed photoresponsive catalytic system. The regulated interfacial water structure by PAEF avoids the formation of precipitate and lowers the water dissociation kinetic barrier on the cathode. Such a PAEF-enabled catalytic system shows a low overpotential of 299 mV at 100 mA cm –2 in natural seawater, with <5% activity decay after 100 h continuous operation. A light-assisted asymmetric electrolyzer (natural seawater in the cathode chamber) delivers 0.5 A cm –2 at 2.35 V (60 °C), while integration with the solar panel module maintains compatibility and a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (>10%) under fluctuating sunlight energy. By introducing an external light field, this work provides a scalable pathway for durable natural seawater electrolysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".