CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current state and prospects for the development of foreign trade relations of the United States of America are determined. The place of the United States in the global economy is identified. Attention is focused on modern tariff policy, in the context of the imbalance of the balance of payments. Modern principles of implementation and regulation of foreign trade of the United States are established. The terms and rates of import duties are analyzed in the context of the new foreign trade policy. Foreign trade in goods and services is considered. The dynamics and volume of exports, imports, trade turnover and the balance of trade balance are highlighted. Using linear regression, trends in the volume of exports, imports, trade turnover and the balance of foreign trade in goods and services are determined, and attention is focused on the growth trends of indicators. It is established that the United States has a negative trade balance in trade in goods and a positive one in trade in services. The geographical structure of exports and imports of the United States is determined. The commodity structure of exports and imports is analyzed. It was established that the main commodity groups in the exports of the United States of America are goods with high added value and a degree of processing: office machines, electrical engineering, energy and transport equipment, photographic equipment, medical and pharmaceutical goods. Attention is focused on the fact that raw materials and semi-finished products prevail in the import structure, with a steady trend towards a decrease in volumes. The main goods in imports are: oil, natural gas, office machines, medical and pharmaceutical products, transport equipment. The dynamics of changes in trade in goods and services of the United States is determined. The countries with which the United States has the largest trade balance deficit are identified. The impact of the tariff and monetary policy of the United States on economic processes in the world is studied. Attention is focused on bilateral trade and economic relations of the United States with the People's Republic of China, Mexico, Canada, and the European Union – as the largest trading partners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".