Thermal analysis of a double U-loop vertical ground heat exchanger for a solar-assisted ground source heat pump
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Comparative analysis of conventional GSHPs and a SAGSHP using a double U-loop. • A novel double U-loop GHE is proposed and compared with the conventional type. • Performance analysis conducted under dynamic conditions and a realistic building load. • The proposed double U-loop configuration shows superior performance. • No significant effect of shank spacing and borehole diameter. Among the challenges to the wider adoption of ground-source heat pumps is the ground thermal imbalance caused by significantly different heating and cooling loads in cold climate regions. To address this, this study investigates the performance of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump (SAGSHP) system for space heating and cooling in a cold climate. The system includes a 150 m deep and 0.15 m diameter ground heat exchanger (GHE) with two U-loop pipes separately connected to the solar collector and the heat pump. The effect of solar collector size and GHE parameters on the operational performance of a double U-loop SAGSHP is examined using a validated finite-volume computational fluid dynamics model. Moreover, a new double U-loop GHE configuration is proposed, and its performance is evaluated in comparison with the conventional double U-loop GHE configuration. The findings of this study indicate an up to 29% increment in the coefficient of performance of the system while maintaining a relatively constant ground temperature. For the conventional double U-loop, results further show that changes in the shank spacing for the same borehole diameter have no significant influence on the heat pump performance. However, increasing the borehole diameter results in lower peak and higher minimum temperatures of the heat pump entering fluid. The proposed inline double U-loop configuration shows superior performance over the conventional double U-loop with an additional heating COP of 0.14 and heat pump annual energy saving of 4%. This study demonstrates the potential for optimal performance improvement of SAGSHPs with the proposed inline configuration in cold climates.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".