Ethnocentrism, Power, and the Dominance of Western Academic Writing Conventions in Higher Education
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The academic landscapes of the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, popular choices for international students, are firmly rooted in the Western education model, characterized by specific academic writing conventions. International students are expected to conform to these norms, which, it may be argued, perpetuates an ethnocentric view of Western academic approaches as superior, disadvantaging non-Western students and suppressing valuable intercultural exchange. The dominance of Western writing conventions, this paper argues, aligns with Foucault’s view that education systems perpetuate ideologies and exercise power, shaping knowledge production and even defining truth. Ultimately, this creates a distorted picture of accepted knowledge, subordinating international students to Western norms. Knowledge from dominant systems is often deemed superior, while alternative knowledge is dismissed, leading to missed opportunities for diverse communication and limiting global scholarship by denying recognition to non-Western contributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.074 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".